@article {2243, title = {Streaming Normalization: Towards Simpler and More Biologically-plausible Normalizations for Online and Recurrent Learning}, year = {2016}, month = {10/2016}, abstract = {

We systematically explored a spectrum of normalization algorithms related to Batch Normalization (BN) and propose a generalized formulation that simultaneously solves two major limitations of BN: (1) online learning and (2) recurrent learning. Our proposal is simpler and more biologically-plausible. Unlike previous approaches, our technique can be applied out of the box to all learning scenarios (e.g., online learning, batch learning, fully-connected, convolutional, feedforward, recurrent and mixed {\textemdash} recurrent and convolutional) and compare favorably with existing approaches. We also propose Lp Normalization for normalizing by different orders of statistical moments. In particular, L1 normalization is well-performing, simple to implement, fast to compute, more biologically-plausible and thus ideal for GPU or hardware implementations.

}, author = {Qianli Liao and Kenji Kawaguchi and Tomaso Poggio} }