@article {4305,
	title = {How Adults{\textquoteright} Actions, Outcomes, and Testimony Affect Preschoolers{\textquoteright} Persistence},
	journal = {Child Development},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Sep-09-2019},
	abstract = {<p>Across four experiments, we looked at how 4- and 5-year-olds{\textquoteright} (<em>n</em>\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;520) task persistence was affected by observations of adult actions (high or low effort), outcomes (success or failure), and testimony (setting expectations{\textemdash}{\textquotedblleft}This will be hard,{\textquotedblright} pep talks{\textemdash}{\textquotedblleft}You can do this,{\textquotedblright} value statements{\textemdash}{\textquotedblleft}Trying hard is important,{\textquotedblright} and baseline). Across experiments, outcomes had the biggest impact: preschoolers consistently tried harder after seeing the adult succeed than fail. Additionally, adult effort affected children{\textquoteright}s persistence, but only when the adult succeeded. Finally, children{\textquoteright}s persistence was highest when the adult both succeeded and practiced what she preached: exerting effort while testifying to its value.</p>
},
	issn = {0009-3920},
	doi = {10.1111/cdev.13305},
	url = {https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.13305},
	author = {Leonard, Julia A. and Garcia, Andrea and Laura Schulz}
}
