@conference {4520, title = {In silico modeling of temporally interfering electric fields for deep brain stimulation }, booktitle = {Society for Neuroscience}, year = {2019}, month = {10/2019}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, author = {Isabella Dalla Betta and Antonino Cassara and Edward S Boyden and Emery N. Brown and francisco and Francisco J. Flores} } @article {2905, title = {Noninvasive Deep Brain Stimulation via Temporally Interfering Electric Fields}, journal = {Cell}, volume = {169}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-06-2017}, pages = {1029 - 1041.e16}, abstract = {

We report a noninvasive strategy for electrically stimulating neurons at depth. By delivering to the brain multiple electric fields at frequencies too high to recruit neural firing, but which differ by a frequency within the dynamic range of neural firing, we can electrically stimulate neurons throughout a region where interference between the multiple fields results in a prominent electric field envelope modulated at the difference frequency. We validated this temporal interference (TI) concept via modeling and physics experiments, and verified that neurons in\ the living mouse brain could follow the electric field\ envelope. We demonstrate the utility of TI stimulation by stimulating neurons in the hippocampus of living mice without recruiting neurons of the overlying cortex. Finally, we show that by altering the currents delivered to a set of immobile electrodes, we can steerably evoke different motor patterns in living mice.

}, issn = {00928674}, doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.024}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867417305846http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0092867417305846?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0092867417305846?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Grossman, Nir and Bono, David and Dedic, Nina and Kodandaramaiah, Suhasa B. and Rudenko, Andrii and Suk, Ho-Jun and Antonino Cassara and Neufeld, Esra and Kuster, Niels and Tsai, Li-Huei and Pascual-Leone, Alvaro and Edward S Boyden} } @article {358, title = {Expansion microscopy}, journal = {Science}, volume = {347 }, year = {2015}, month = {01/30/2015}, pages = {543-548 }, abstract = {

In optical microscopy, fine structural details are resolved by using refraction to magnify images of a specimen. We discovered that, by synthesizing a swellable polymer network within a specimen, it can be physically expanded, resulting in physical magnification. By covalently anchoring specific labels located within the specimen directly to the polymer network, labels spaced closer than the optical diffraction limit can be isotropically separated and optically resolved, a process we call expansion microscopy (ExM). Thus, this process can be used to perform scalable super-resolution microscopy with diffraction-limited microscopes. We demonstrate ExM with apparent ~70 nm lateral resolution in both cultured cells and brain tissue, performing three-color super-resolution imaging of ~107 μm3 of the mouse hippocampus with a conventional confocal microscope.

}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.1260088}, url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1260088}, author = {Fei Chen and Paul W. Tillberg and Edward S Boyden} } @article {224, title = {Simultaneous whole-animal 3D imaging of neuronal activity using light-field microscopy}, journal = {Nature Methods}, volume = {11}, year = {2014}, month = {05/18/2014}, pages = {727 - 730}, abstract = {

High-speed, large-scale three-dimensional (3D) imaging of neuronal activity poses a major challenge in neuroscience. Here we demonstrate simultaneous functional imaging of neuronal activity at single-neuron resolution in an entire Caenorhabditis elegans and in larval zebrafish brain. Our technique captures the dynamics of spiking neurons in volumes of ~700 μm {\texttimes} 700 μm {\texttimes} 200 μm at 20 Hz. Its simplicity makes it an attractive tool for high-speed volumetric calcium imaging.

}, keywords = {Imaging, Neuroscience}, issn = {1548-7091}, doi = {10.1038/nmeth.2964}, url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nmeth.2964}, author = {Prevedel, Robert and Yoon, Young-Gyu and Hoffmann, Maximilian and Pak, Nikita and Wetzstein, Gordon and Kato, Saul and Schr{\"o}del, Tina and Raskar, Ramesh and Zimmer, Manuel and Edward S Boyden and Vaziri, Alipasha} }