@article {3513,
	title = {Learning physical parameters from dynamic scenes.},
	journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2018},
	month = {8/2018},
	pages = {57-82},
	abstract = {<p>Humans acquire their most basic physical concepts early in development, and continue to enrich and expand their intuitive physics throughout life as they are exposed to more and varied dynamical environments. We introduce a hierarchical Bayesian framework to explain how people can learn physical parameters at multiple levels. In contrast to previous Bayesian models of theory acquisition (Tenenbaum et al., 2011), we work with more ex- pressive probabilistic program representations suitable for learning the forces and properties that govern how objects interact in dynamic scenes unfolding over time. We compare our model to human learners on a challenging task of estimating multiple physical parameters in novel microworlds given short movies. This task requires people to reason simultane- ously about multiple interacting physical laws and properties. People are generally able to learn in this setting and are consistent in their judgments. Yet they also make systematic errors indicative of the approximations people might make in solving this computationally demanding problem with limited computational resources. We propose two approximations that complement the top-down Bayesian approach. One approximation model relies on a more bottom-up feature-based inference scheme. The second approximation combines the strengths of the bottom-up and top-down approaches, by taking the feature-based inference as its point of departure for a search in physical-parameter space.</p>
},
	keywords = {intuitive physics, intuitive theory, learning, physical reasoning, probabilistic inference},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.05.006},
	url = {https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.mit.edu/science/article/pii/S0010028517301822},
	author = {Ullman, Tomer D. and Stuhlm{\"u}ller, Andreas and Noah D. Goodman and Joshua B. Tenenbaum}
}
