@article {5286,
	title = {Dangerous Ground: One-Year-Old Infants are Sensitive to Peril in Other Agents{\textquoteright} Action PlansAbstract},
	journal = {Open Mind},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	month = {10/2022},
	pages = {211 - 231},
	abstract = {<p>Do infants appreciate that other people{\textquoteright}s actions may fail, and that these failures endow risky actions with varying degrees of negative utility (i.e., danger)? Three experiments, including a pre-registered replication, addressed this question by presenting 12- to 15-month-old infants (N = 104, 52 female, majority White) with an animated agent who jumped over trenches of varying depth towards its goals. Infants expected the agent to minimize the danger of its actions, and they learned which goal the agent preferred by observing how much danger it risked to reach each goal, even though the agent{\textquoteright}s actions were physically identical and never failed. When we tested younger, 10-month-old infants (N = 102, 52 female, majority White) in a fourth experiment, they did not succeed consistently on the same tasks. These findings provide evidence that one-year-old infants use the height that other agents could fall from in order to explain and predict those agents{\textquoteright} actions.</p>
},
	keywords = {action understanding, agency, cognitive development, infancy, open data, open materials, pre-registered},
	doi = {10.1162/opmi_a_00063},
	url = {https://direct.mit.edu/opmi/article/doi/10.1162/opmi_a_00063/113342/Dangerous-Ground-One-Year-Old-Infants-are},
	author = {Liu, Shari and Pepe, Bill and Ganesh Kumar, Manasa and Ullman, Tomer D. and Tenenbaum, Joshua B. and Spelke, Elizabeth S.}
}
@article {4406,
	title = {The ability to predict actions of others from distributed cues is still developing in children},
	journal = {PsyArXiv Preprints},
	year = {2020},
	month = {01/2020},
	abstract = {<p>Adults use distributed cues in the bodies of others to predict and counter their actions. To investigate the development of this ability, adults and 6- to 8-year-old children played a competitive game with a confederate who reached toward one of two targets. Child and adult participants, who sat across from the confederate, attempted to beat the confederate to the target by touching it before the confederate did. Adults used cues distributed through the head, shoulders, and body to predict the reaching actions. Children, in contrast, used cues in the arms and torso but not in the head, face or shoulders to predict the actions. These results provide evidence for a qualitative change in the ability to respond rapidly to predictive cues to others{\textquoteright} actions develops slowly over childhood. Despite children{\textquoteright}s sensitivity to eye gaze even in infancy, cues from the head and body do not influence their action predictions as late as 8 years of age.</p>
},
	keywords = {Action prediction, action understanding, Biological motion, development, Social interaction},
	doi = {10.31234/osf.io/pu3tf},
	author = {Daniel Kim and Emalie McMahon and Samuel Mehr and Ken Nakayama and Elizabeth S Spelke and Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam}
}
