An analysis of training and generalization errors in shallow and deep networks

TitleAn analysis of training and generalization errors in shallow and deep networks
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2020
AuthorsMhaskar, H, Poggio, T
JournalNeural Networks
Volume121
Pagination229 - 241
Date Published01/2020
ISSN08936080
Keywordsdeep learning, generalization error, interpolatory approximation
Abstract

This paper is motivated by an open problem around deep networks, namely, the apparent absence of over-fitting despite large over-parametrization which allows perfect fitting of the training data. In this paper, we analyze this phenomenon in the case of regression problems when each unit evaluates a periodic activation function. We argue that the minimal expected value of the square loss is inappropriate to measure the generalization error in approximation of compositional functions in order to take full advantage of the compositional structure. Instead, we measure the generalization error in the sense of maximum loss, and sometimes, as a pointwise error. We give estimates on exactly how many parameters ensure both zero training error as well as a good generalization error. We prove that a solution of a regularization problem is guaranteed to yield a good training error as well as a good generalization error and estimate how much error to expect at which test data.

URLhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0893608019302552
DOI10.1016/j.neunet.2019.08.028
Short TitleNeural Networks

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