Causal implicatures from correlational statements

TitleCausal implicatures from correlational statements
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2023
AuthorsGershman, SJ, Ullman, TD
Secondary AuthorsGoldwater, MB
JournalPLOS ONE
Volume18
Issue5
Paginatione0286067
Date Published05/2023
Abstract

Correlation does not imply causation, but this does not necessarily stop people from drawing causal inferences from correlational statements. We show that people do in fact infer causality from statements of association, under minimal conditions. In Study 1, participants interpreted statements of the form “X is associated with Y” to imply that Y causes X. In Studies 2 and 3, participants interpreted statements of the form “X is associated with an increased risk of Y” to imply that X causes Y. Thus, even the most orthodox correlational language can give rise to causal inferences.

URLhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286067
DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0286067
Short TitlePLoS ONE

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