The Neural Decoding Toolbox (NDT) is a MATLAB package that makes it easy to apply population decoding analyses to neural activity. The toolbox is designed in a modular fashion making it easy to try different analyses while keeping a core processing stream intact. Using the toolbox one can analyze data from many different types of recording modalities, including spiking data and EEG/MEG signals. The toolbox also allows for more complex analyses such as testing whether information is contained in a dynamic population code, and assessing whether information represented in an abstract format.